Historically, the concepts of health are rooted in the cultural perceptions surrounding health predominant for the period. This course will consist of two modules. Module one will examine the historical foundation of health beliefs and perceptions up to the 18th century and the emergence of modern thought. Module two will examine how social reform influenced the practice of public health in England and how these beliefs were then transformed into modern public health practice. Finally, module two will describe the institutionalization of public health in the United States.